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Debian GNU/Linux -- The Universal Operating System
(Text version)
Debian
   Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 r0 "Woody" - Unofficial i386 Binary-8 CD   
  

Debian homepage

 

Intro

About This CD

Installing

Upgrading

Last-Minute Notes

Using CDs with Dselect and Apt

Non-free/Non-US

CD Manufacturers

More Information

 

Browse this CD-ROM

               

     
Welcome to the exciting world of
Debian GNU/Linux!

Intro

This is one of the CD-ROMs of the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. Debian is a very extensive collection of software. But it is more. It is a complete Operating System (OS) for your computer. And it is free (as in "freedom").

An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that make your computer run. At the core of an operating system is the kernel. The kernel is the most fundamental program on the computer, which does all the basic housekeeping and lets you start other programs. Debian is kernel independent. It currently uses the Linux kernel but work is in progress to provide Debian for other kernels, using the Hurd. Most of the basic operating system tools come from the GNU project; hence the name GNU/Linux.

Debian is available for various kinds of computers ("architectures"), like "IBM-compatible" PCs (i386), Compaq's Alpha, Motorola's 680x0 (m68k), Sun's Sparc, Motorola/IBM's PowerPC, and (Strong)ARM processors. Check the ports page for more information.

Read more...


About This CD

This CD-ROM is labeled

  Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 r0 "Woody" - Unofficial i386 Binary-8

which means that this CD is number 8 of totally 8 CDs containing programs ("binaries") for `i386' computers.

The programs on the Binary CDs are ordered by popularity. The Binary-1 CD contains the most popular programs and the installation tools; it is possible to install and run Debian with only the Binary-1 CD. The other CDs, up to Binary-8, contain mostly special-interest programs.


Installing

The installation tools of the Debian Operating System are located on the Binary-1 CD. See the README on that CD for more info.


Upgrading

Procedures describing the upgrade from an older version of the Debian Operating System are also located on the Binary-1 CD. See the README on that CD for more info.


Last-Minute Notes

  • You should keep in mind that this is an unofficial CD of the current development version of the Debian system. This means that all sorts of bugs may be present anywhere in the system.
     


Using CDs with Dselect and Apt

After installing or upgrading, Debian's packaging system can use CD-ROMs, local collections, or networked servers (FTP, HTTP) to automatically install software from (.deb packages). This is done preferably with the `apt' and `dselect' programs. If you do not already know how to setup these, here is a brief explanation.

First of all, comment out every line of /etc/apt/sources.list by placing a hash sign (`#') in front of it (if it isn't already there).

Then you need to add new "deb" lines describing the location(s) where apt will get the new packages from. You can add "deb" lines for a packages mirror on a local harddisk, and/or FTP/HTTP mirrors, and/or (a set of) CD-ROMs. `Apt' will consider all packages that can be found via any "deb" line, and use the one with the highest version number, giving priority to the first mentioned lines. (So, in case of multiple mirror locations, you'd typically first name a local harddisk, then CD-ROMs, and finally FTP/HTTP mirrors.)

  • For a local archive (or a single mounted CD-ROM), that for example has these directories,
      /var/ftp/debian/dists/potato/main/binary-i386/...
      /var/ftp/debian/dists/potato/contrib/binary-i386/...
      ---------------       ------     |\ 
            \________          \_      | \___
    add:             \           \     |     \ 
               --------------- ------  |      \ 
      deb file:/var/ftp/debian potato main contrib
    
    As shown, the `dists' is added implicitly, and the 3rd,... arguments are used to expand the path into multiple directories.
     
    If you have a complete mirror that also has non-free and non-US, you typically have to add lines like these:
     
      deb file:/var/ftp/debian potato main contrib non-free
      deb file:/var/ftp/debian-non-US potato/non-US main contrib non-free

     
    If you don't have such a structure, other description lines are possible, see the sources.list manpage.

  •  
  • FTP or HTTP packages mirror addresses can be found on this CD in README.mirrors.html, or on http://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist, look at the "Full list of mirrors".
     
    If the mirror has these directories:
      ftp://some-server/debian/dists/potato/main/binary-i386/...
      ftp://some-server/debian/dists/potato/contrib/binary-i386/...
      ------------------------       ------ |   |
                  \___                 /    |   |
    add:              \               /     |   |
          ------------------------ ------   |   |
      deb ftp://some-server/debian potato main contrib
    
    As shown, the `dists' is added implicitly, and the 3rd,... arguments are used to expand the path into multiple directories.
     
    If you use a complete mirror that also has non-free and non-US, you typically have to add lines like these:
     
      deb ftp://some-server/debian potato main contrib non-free
      deb ftp://some-server/debian-non-US potato/non-US main contrib non-free

     
    If the mirror doesn't have such a structure, other description lines are possible, see the sources.list manpage.

  •  
  • In case of upgrading from a set of CD-ROMs (also possible for a single, unmounted CD-ROM), do _not_ add any lines to sources.list manually.
     
    Instead, first make sure there is a line in /etc/fstab that connects the /cdrom mount point with your CD-ROM drive (the exact `/cdrom' mount point is "required" for apt). For example, if /dev/hdc is your CD-ROM drive, /etc/fstab should contain a line
      /dev/hdc      /cdrom     auto    defaults,noauto,ro     0   0
    
    To test this, insert a CD-ROM and give commands
     
      mount /cdrom
      ls -alF /cdrom     (this should show the CD-ROM's root directory)
      umount /cdrom
     
    Then, use the command
     
      apt-cdrom add
     
    to add the data of each individual CD-ROM to apt's internal database. This command will ask for one CD-ROM per run, and mount/unmount the CD-ROM automatically. You should repeat this command for all 2.2 `Binary' CD-ROMs you have.

The final step of the preparation is to update apt's internal database with the command

  apt-get update

Once this is done, you can install packages from the commandline using apt-get. For example, if you want to install the packages `commprog' and `maxgame', you can give the command

  apt-get install commprog maxgame

Note that you don't have to enter the complete path, or the `.deb' extension. `Apt' will figure this out itself.

`Dselect' is also able to use `apt' to fetch the packages. To set up `dselect', choose [A]ccess in the main menu, and then select `apt'. The sources.list file should be okay already, so don't let the program make a new one. Then, after an [U]pdate, the configuration is ready. You can just keep using [S]elect and [I]nstall to install packages.

See dselect's online help screens for more information (use the `?' key).


Non-free and Non-US

The package sections `non-free' and `non-US' contain packages that either have a restrictive license, or can't be exported from the US (like `pgp' or `ssh'). It may well be that this CD does not contain (all of) these packages. You can get them from our FTP/HTTP mirror sites.

`Non-free' packages are on our "regular" mirrors, listed in README.mirrors.html on this CD, or on http://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist ("Full list of mirrors").

`Non-US' packages are on special mirrors outside the US, listed in README.non-US on this CD, or on http://www.debian.org/misc/README.non-US.

Note that you are allowed to import non-US packages into the US.


CD Manufacturers

You are completely free to manufacture and (re-)distribute CD-ROMs of the Debian GNU/Linux Operating System, like this one. There is no charge from us (but of course donations are always welcome).

For all needed information, and contact addresses, please refer to

  http://cdimage.debian.org


More Information

The Binary-1 CD contains much more information about various aspects of the Debian Operating System and the Debian organization. See the README on that CD for more info.

Also on the Internet are many resources. To name a few:


See the Debian contact page for information on contacting us.

Last Modified: Wed Apr 18 19:09:34 CEST 2001